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<title>Encrypted Media Extensions</title>

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Encrypted Media Extensions

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</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">EME</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Encrypted Media Extensions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">EME, encrypted-media</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" lang="en">Encrypted Media Extensions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C Recommendation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">2013 (2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">May 10, 2013 (2013-05-10)<a href="#cite_note-eme-history-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">2017-09-18 September 18, 2017 (2017-09-18)<a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preview version</th><td class="infobox-data">Editor's Draft March 20, 2021 (2021-03-20)<a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li>

<li><a href="Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li></ul>

</div><a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><a href="HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML Media Extensions Working Group</a><a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a></li>

<li>Media Working Group<a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li>Joey Parrish<a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a></li>

<li>Greg Freedman<a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a></li></ul>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Former editors</div></div>

<ul><li>David Dorwin (until September 2019 (2019-09))</li>

<li>Jerry Smith (until September 2017 (2017-09))</li>

<li>Mark Watson (until September 2017 (2017-09))</li>

<li>Adrian Bateman (until May 2014 (2014-05))</li></ul>

</li></ul>

</div><a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-eme-draft-3">[3]</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><a href="Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">Media Source Extensions</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li>Latest version: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/encrypted-media/">www.w3.org/TR/encrypted-media/</a></li>

<li>Editor's draft: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3c.github.io/encrypted-media/">w3c.github.io/encrypted-media/</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table>

Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) is a <a href="W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> specification for providing a communication channel between <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> and the Content Decryption Module (CDM) software which implements <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM).<a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a> This allows the use of <a href="HTML_video" title="HTML video">HTML video</a> to play back DRM-wrapped content such as <a href="Streaming_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming video">streaming video</a> services without the use of heavy third-party media plugins like <a href="Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> or <a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a> (both discontinued). The use of a third-party <a href="Key_management" title="Key management">key management system</a> may be required, depending on whether the publisher chooses to scramble the keys.

EME is based on the <a href="Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">Media Source Extensions</a> (MSE) specification,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> which enables adaptive bitrate streaming in HTML audio and video, e.g. using <a href="MPEG-DASH" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-DASH">MPEG-DASH</a> with <a href="MPEG_Common_Encryption" title="MPEG Common Encryption">MPEG-CENC</a> protected content.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

EME has been highly controversial because it places a necessarily <a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>, closed decryption component which requires per-browser licensing fees into what might otherwise be an entirely open and free software ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> On July 6, 2017, W3C publicly announced its intention to publish an EME web standard,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and did so on September 18.<a href="#cite_note-EME-2017-2">[2]</a> On the same day, the <a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>, who joined in 2014 to participate in the decision making,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> published an open letter resigning from W3C.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2></div>

In April 2013, on the <a href="Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Samsung Chromebook</a>, <a href="Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> became the first company to offer HTML video using EME.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

As of 2016, the Encrypted Media Extensions interface has been implemented in the <a href="Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pcw-f38drm-16">[16]</a> and <a href="Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> browsers.

While backers and the developers of the Firefox web browser were hesitant in implementing the protocol for ethical reasons due to its dependency on proprietary code,<a href="#cite_note-mozilla-18">[18]</a> Firefox introduced EME support on Windows platforms in May 2015, originally using <a href="Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a>'s Primetime DRM library, later replaced with the <a href="Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a> library (CDM). Firefox's implementation of EME uses an open-source <a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandbox</a> to load the proprietary DRM modules, which are treated as <a href="Browser_plug-in" class="mw-redirect" title="Browser plug-in">plug-ins</a> that are loaded when EME-encrypted content is requested. The sandbox was also designed to frustrate the ability for services and the DRM to <a href="Device_fingerprint" title="Device fingerprint">uniquely track and identify</a> devices.<a href="#cite_note-pcw-f38drm-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Additionally, it is always possible to disable DRM in Firefox, which then not only disables EME, but also uninstalls the Widevine DRM libraries.<a href="#cite_note-ghacks.net-20">[20]</a>

<a href="Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> supports HTML video using EME with a supported web browser: Chrome, Firefox,<a href="#cite_note-netflix-21">[21]</a> Microsoft Edge, <a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> (on Windows 8.1 or newer<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>), or <a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> (on OS X Yosemite or newer<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>). <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> supports the MSE.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Available players supporting MPEG-DASH using the MSE and EME are NexPlayer,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> THEOplayer<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> by OpenTelly, the bitdash MPEG-DASH player,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> dash.js<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> by <a href="DASH-IF" title="DASH-IF">DASH-IF</a> or rx-player.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>

Note that in Firefox and Chrome, EME does not work unless the media is supplied via <a href="Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">Media Source Extensions</a>.

Version 4.3 and subsequent versions of <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> support EME.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_Decryption_Modules">Content Decryption Modules</h3></div>

<ul><li>Adobe Primetime CDM (used by old Firefox versions 47 to 51)<a href="#cite_note-ghacks.net-20">[20]</a></li>

<li><a href="Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a> (used in <a href="Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> and <a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> + their derivatives, including <a href="Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> and newest versions of <a href="Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a>)<a href="#cite_note-theo-32">[32]</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayReady" title="PlayReady">PlayReady</a> (used in <a href="EdgeHTML" title="EdgeHTML">EdgeHTML</a>-based <a href="Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> on Windows 10 and <a href="Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a> for Windows 8.1 and 10)<a href="#cite_note-theo-32">[32]</a></li>

<li><a href="FairPlay" title="FairPlay">FairPlay</a> (used in <a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> since <a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">OS X Yosemite</a>)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

EME has faced strong criticism from both inside<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and outside W3C.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The major issues for criticism are implementation issues for <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> browsers, entry barriers for new browsers, lack of interoperability,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> concerns about security, privacy and accessibility, and possibility of legal trouble in the United States due to Chapter 12<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> of the <a href="Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

In July 2020, <a href="Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> started using a <a href="Fingerprint_(computing)" title="Fingerprint (computing)">fingerprinting</a> mechanism that involves loading every DRM module that browsers can support, and logs what ends up loading as part of the data collected. Users noticed this when Firefox began alerting them that Reddit "required" them to load DRM software to play media, although none of the media on the page actually needed it.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>

As of 2020, the ways in which EME interferes with open source have become concrete. None of the widely used CDMs are being licensed to independent open-source browser providers without paying a per-browser licensing fee (particularly to <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> – for their <a href="Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a> CDM, which is used in nearly all recently developed web browsers).<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">Media Source Extensions</a></li>

<li><a href="HTML5#Digital_rights_management" title="HTML5">HTML5 § Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_DReaM" title="Project DReaM">Project DReaM</a></li>

<li><a href="Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFProtalinski2014" class="citation web cs1">Protalinski, Emil (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/insider/2014/06/03/netflix-ditches-silverlight-html5-macs-available-today-safari-os-x-yosemite-beta/">"Netflix ditches Silverlight for HTML5 on Macs too: Available today in Safari on OS X Yosemite beta"</a>. The Next Web. Retrieved 16 October 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-pcw-f38drm-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcw-f38drm_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcw-f38drm_16-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2922116/firefox-38-arrives-with-contentious-closed-source-drm-integrated-by-default.html">"Firefox 38 arrives with contentious closed-source DRM integrated by default"</a>. <a href="PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a>. IDG. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMohrlandSmith2015" class="citation web cs1">Mohrland, Jesse; Smith, Jerry (October 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/10/27/using-encrypted-media-extensions-for-interoperable-protected-media/">"Using Encrypted Media Extensions for interoperable protected media"</a>. Microsoft.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-mozilla-18"><a href="#cite_ref-mozilla_18-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817054329/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2344972/mozilla-grudgingly-brings-netflix-to-linux-with-drm">Mozilla begrudgingly brings Netflix support to Linux with DRM in Firefox</a>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Kirk2014" class="citation web cs1">Jeremy Kirk (May 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2155440/firefox-will-get-drm-copy-protection-despite-mozillas-concerns.html">"Mozilla hates it, but streaming video DRM is coming to Firefox"</a>. PCWorld.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-netflix-21"><a href="#cite_ref-netflix_21-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.netflix.com/en/node/23742">Netflix system requirements for HTML5 Player and Silverlight</a>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Park_and_Mark_Watson2013" class="citation web cs1">Anthony Park and Mark Watson (26 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/06/html5-video-in-ie-11-on-windows-81.html">"HTML5 Video in IE 11 on Windows 8.1"</a>. Netflix.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nexplayersdk.com/">NexPlayer: Passion for High Quality Video Services</a>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoplayer.com">THEOplayer by OpenTelly: HLS and MPEG-DASH player for HTML5 MSE and EME</a>

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<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dash-player.com/drm_demopage">bitdash HTML5 EME DRM demo area</a>

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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/canalplus/rx-player">rx-player</a>

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<cite id="CITEREFOzer2015" class="citation news cs1">Ozer, Jan (July–August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/Editorial/Featured-Articles/HTML5-Comes-of-Age-Its-Finally-Time-to-Tell-Flash-Good-bye-105246.aspx">"HTML5 Comes of Age: It's Finally Time to Tell Flash Good-bye"</a>. Streaming Media Magazine. StreamingMedia.com. Retrieved 2016-01-12. <q>In mobile markets [...] Android has supported MSE since version 4.1, and EME since version 4.3.</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-theo-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theo_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theo_32-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoplayer.com/features/cross-browser">"THEOplayer Supports All Platforms"</a>. theoplayer.com. 2017. <q>Note that IE10 and IE11 on Windows 7 do not have the MSE/EME API available which is required to playback DRM protected video content in HTML5. As a consequence, it is technically not possible for any HTML5-based video player to playback DRM protected content on these browsers in Windows 7.</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2012Feb/0352.html">"Boris Zabrasky opposing EME"</a>. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2012Feb/0274.html">"Ian Hickson opposing EME"</a>. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/we-marched-with-richard-stallman-at-a-drm-protest-last-night-w3-consortium-MIT-joi-ito/">"Richard Stallman Braved a Winter Storm Last Night to March Against DRM"</a>. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStallman2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman, Richard</a> (Nov 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">"Can you trust your computer?"</a>. <a href="Free_Software%2C_Free_Society" title="Free Software, Free Society">Free Software, Free Society</a>. <a href="GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>. Retrieved 2018-02-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/21/13703152/netflix-4k-pc-windows-support">"4K Netflix arrives on Windows 10, but probably not for your PC"</a>. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap12.html">"Title 17, Circular 92, Chapter 12 - Copyright.gov"</a>. Retrieved 25 July 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/pages/drm/w3c-formal-objection-html-wg">"EFF's Formal Objection to EME"</a>. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/04/save-firefox">"Save Firefox"</a>. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/05/open-letter-members-w3c-advisory-committee">"Open Letter to W3C"</a>. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smitop.com/post/reddit-whiteops/">"Reddit's website uses DRM for fingerprinting"</a>. smitop.com. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-12.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Web_interfaces26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Web_API" title="Web API">Web interfaces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side154"><a href="Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">Server APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">C NSAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_HTTP_Server#Feature_overview" title="Apache HTTP Server">C ASAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li>

<li><a href="Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li>

<li><a href="JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li>

<li><a href="Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li>

<li><a href="Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li>

<li><a href="Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side89"><a href="Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a>

<ul><li><a href="NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li>

<li><a href="NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a>

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li>

<li><a href="HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li>

<li><a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li>

<li><a href="XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li>

<li><a href="W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li>

<li><a href="WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li>

<li><a href="WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li>

<li><a href="WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li>

<li><a href="Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li>

<li><a href="Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a>

<li><a href="GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Push_technology" title="Push technology">Push technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Solution_stack" title="Solution stack">Solution stack</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Static_web_page" title="Static web page">Static</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">Dynamic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_API_security" title="Web API security">Web API security</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_application" title="Web application">Web application</a>

<li><a href="Single-page_application" title="Single-page application">Single-page</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_web_app" title="Progressive web app">Progressive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Encrypted_Media_Extensions&oldid=1289752070">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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